Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo; Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide

doi:doi:10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo, Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide

Published in Education Journal (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 27 May 2021 Accepted: 10 June 2021 Published: 18 August 2021

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Abstract

Retirement is seen as partial or complete disengagement from work activities with which individuals have been identified, due to personal or organizational factors, whether or not retirement benefits would accompany it. Being a significant phase of transition into human life, the phase offers unique opportunities for researchers to investigate adaptation and coping over the period, because it is reputed for considerable daily life changes that impacts retirees’ psychological health. The study explored the practical workability of measuring retirement adjustment intended for Retirement Adjustment Scale (RAS) among teachers who retired from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of the Southwestern Nigeria. It also investigated the effectiveness or otherwise of RAS among the respondents based on their demographics such as gender, educational attainment and institution of service before transition into retirement. The research design adopted was survey. The population comprised all retired teachers from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of Southwestern Nigeria. The sample size (n = 650) was selected through a multi-stage sampling, 650 copies of questionnaire were administered. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of retiree was moderately high. There was no statistically significant effect on retirees’ sex (χ² = 1.376, p > 0.05) and type of family (χ² = 2.046, p > 0.05) whereas there was a significant effect on retirees’ educational attainment (χ² = 22.823, p < 0.05) and institution of service before retirement (χ² = 37.974, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of the retired teachers on the basis of sex (t = 1.593, p > 0.05). It could be concluded that RAS is effective in measuring the retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees from both primary and secondary schools on the most important variables of sex while variation may exist in the matter of their educational attainment and institution of service prior to retirement.

Published in	Education Journal (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
Page(s)	160-165
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Retirement Adjustment, Scale, Effectiveness, Retiree

References

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[2]	Atchley, R. C. (1976) The sociology of retirement, New York Schenkman Publishing Company.
[3]	Adeyemo, E. O., & Olatomide, O. O. (2017). Validation of Retirement Adjustment Scale for retired teachers of secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Education and Research, 5 (8), 209-220.
[4]	Akinade, E. A. (1993). Towards satisfactory retirement: A socio-psychological approach. Lagos: Kola Okanlawon Services Ltd.
[5]	Nuttman-Shwartz, O. (2004). Like a high wave: Adjustment to retirement. The Gerontologist, 44, 229-236.
[6]	Lindwall, M., Berg, A. I., Bjalkebring, P., Buratti, S., Hansson, I., Hassing, L., Henning, G., Kivi, M., Konig, S., Thorvaldsson, V., & Johansson, B. (2017). Psychological health in the retirement transition: Rationale and first findings in the Health, Ageing and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study. Frontiers in Psychology 8: 1634. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01634. Accessed from www.frontiersin.org.
[7]	Ejeh, V. J., Igbokwe, C. C., & Onoja, H. N. (2020). Determination of depression, anxiety and stress among retirees in Kogi State and preventive strategies. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 8 (3), 62-74.
[8]	Sokoh, G. C. (2017). Age falsification and its impact on continuity and service delivery in Delta State civil service. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22 (9), 52-63.
[9]	Garba, A., & Mamman J., (2004). Retirement challenges and sustainable development in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 6, 94-98.
[10]	Olatomide, O. O. (2010) Challenges facing civil and public retirees in Ekiti and Oyo States: Implication for national development and increased life expectancy. Nigerian Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 9 (2), 85-94.
[11]	Olatomide, O. O. (2014). Education and human development issues in Nigeria: The points of disconnectedness of Nigerian retirees. The African Symposium: An Online Journal of The African Educational Research Network, 14 (1 & 2), 158-165.
[12]	Mayor, M. et al., (2009). Longman dictionary of contemporary English (5^th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
[13]	Olatomide, O. O. (2020). What is the relationship among pre-retirement guidance, social support and psychological wellbeing on retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees in Osun State? Inkanyiso, The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12 (1), 99-109.
[14]	Fadila, D. S., & Alam, R. R. (2016). Factors affecting adjustment to retirement among retirees’ elderly persons. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6 (8), 112-122.
[15]	Olatomide, O. O., & Ajeigbe T. O. (2020) Retirement preparedness of workers as perceived by university lecturers in Nigeria. Journal of Education, Psychology and Research, 1 (2), 50-65.
[16]	Olatomide, O. O. (2020). Psycho-economic adjustment strategies of retirees during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Counselling and School Psychology, 3 (1), 53-62.

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APA Style

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo, Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. (2021). Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Education Journal, 10(4), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo; Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Educ. J. 2021, 10(4), 160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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AMA Style

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo, Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Educ J. 2021;10(4):160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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@article{10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17,
  author = {Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo and Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide},
  title = {Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria},
  journal = {Education Journal},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {160-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20211004.17},
  abstract = {Retirement is seen as partial or complete disengagement from work activities with which individuals have been identified, due to personal or organizational factors, whether or not retirement benefits would accompany it. Being a significant phase of transition into human life, the phase offers unique opportunities for researchers to investigate adaptation and coping over the period, because it is reputed for considerable daily life changes that impacts retirees’ psychological health. The study explored the practical workability of measuring retirement adjustment intended for Retirement Adjustment Scale (RAS) among teachers who retired from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of the Southwestern Nigeria. It also investigated the effectiveness or otherwise of RAS among the respondents based on their demographics such as gender, educational attainment and institution of service before transition into retirement. The research design adopted was survey. The population comprised all retired teachers from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of Southwestern Nigeria. The sample size (n = 650) was selected through a multi-stage sampling, 650 copies of questionnaire were administered. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of retiree was moderately high. There was no statistically significant effect on retirees’ sex (χ2 = 1.376, p > 0.05) and type of family (χ2 = 2.046, p > 0.05) whereas there was a significant effect on retirees’ educational attainment (χ2 = 22.823, p 2 = 37.974, p  0.05). It could be concluded that RAS is effective in measuring the retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees from both primary and secondary schools on the most important variables of sex while variation may exist in the matter of their educational attainment and institution of service prior to retirement.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria
AU  - Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo
AU  - Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
T2  - Education Journal
JF  - Education Journal
JO  - Education Journal
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2619
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
AB  - Retirement is seen as partial or complete disengagement from work activities with which individuals have been identified, due to personal or organizational factors, whether or not retirement benefits would accompany it. Being a significant phase of transition into human life, the phase offers unique opportunities for researchers to investigate adaptation and coping over the period, because it is reputed for considerable daily life changes that impacts retirees’ psychological health. The study explored the practical workability of measuring retirement adjustment intended for Retirement Adjustment Scale (RAS) among teachers who retired from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of the Southwestern Nigeria. It also investigated the effectiveness or otherwise of RAS among the respondents based on their demographics such as gender, educational attainment and institution of service before transition into retirement. The research design adopted was survey. The population comprised all retired teachers from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of Southwestern Nigeria. The sample size (n = 650) was selected through a multi-stage sampling, 650 copies of questionnaire were administered. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of retiree was moderately high. There was no statistically significant effect on retirees’ sex (χ2 = 1.376, p > 0.05) and type of family (χ2 = 2.046, p > 0.05) whereas there was a significant effect on retirees’ educational attainment (χ2 = 22.823, p 2 = 37.974, p  0.05). It could be concluded that RAS is effective in measuring the retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees from both primary and secondary schools on the most important variables of sex while variation may exist in the matter of their educational attainment and institution of service prior to retirement.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo

Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide

Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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APA Style

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo, Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. (2021). Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Education Journal, 10(4), 160-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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ACS Style

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo; Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Educ. J. 2021, 10(4), 160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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AMA Style

Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo, Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide. Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria. Educ J. 2021;10(4):160-165. doi: 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17

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@article{10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17,
  author = {Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo and Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide},
  title = {Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria},
  journal = {Education Journal},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {160-165},
  doi = {10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20211004.17},
  abstract = {Retirement is seen as partial or complete disengagement from work activities with which individuals have been identified, due to personal or organizational factors, whether or not retirement benefits would accompany it. Being a significant phase of transition into human life, the phase offers unique opportunities for researchers to investigate adaptation and coping over the period, because it is reputed for considerable daily life changes that impacts retirees’ psychological health. The study explored the practical workability of measuring retirement adjustment intended for Retirement Adjustment Scale (RAS) among teachers who retired from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of the Southwestern Nigeria. It also investigated the effectiveness or otherwise of RAS among the respondents based on their demographics such as gender, educational attainment and institution of service before transition into retirement. The research design adopted was survey. The population comprised all retired teachers from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of Southwestern Nigeria. The sample size (n = 650) was selected through a multi-stage sampling, 650 copies of questionnaire were administered. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of retiree was moderately high. There was no statistically significant effect on retirees’ sex (χ2 = 1.376, p > 0.05) and type of family (χ2 = 2.046, p > 0.05) whereas there was a significant effect on retirees’ educational attainment (χ2 = 22.823, p 2 = 37.974, p  0.05). It could be concluded that RAS is effective in measuring the retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees from both primary and secondary schools on the most important variables of sex while variation may exist in the matter of their educational attainment and institution of service prior to retirement.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effectiveness of Retirement Adjustment Scale Among Retired Teachers from Southwestern Nigeria
AU  - Emily Oluseyi Adeyemo
AU  - Onijuni Olufemi Olatomide
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
T2  - Education Journal
JF  - Education Journal
JO  - Education Journal
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2619
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.edu.20211004.17
AB  - Retirement is seen as partial or complete disengagement from work activities with which individuals have been identified, due to personal or organizational factors, whether or not retirement benefits would accompany it. Being a significant phase of transition into human life, the phase offers unique opportunities for researchers to investigate adaptation and coping over the period, because it is reputed for considerable daily life changes that impacts retirees’ psychological health. The study explored the practical workability of measuring retirement adjustment intended for Retirement Adjustment Scale (RAS) among teachers who retired from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of the Southwestern Nigeria. It also investigated the effectiveness or otherwise of RAS among the respondents based on their demographics such as gender, educational attainment and institution of service before transition into retirement. The research design adopted was survey. The population comprised all retired teachers from primary and secondary schools in Ekiti and Osun States of Southwestern Nigeria. The sample size (n = 650) was selected through a multi-stage sampling, 650 copies of questionnaire were administered. The results revealed that the level of effectiveness of RAS in measuring the retirement adjustment of retiree was moderately high. There was no statistically significant effect on retirees’ sex (χ2 = 1.376, p > 0.05) and type of family (χ2 = 2.046, p > 0.05) whereas there was a significant effect on retirees’ educational attainment (χ2 = 22.823, p 2 = 37.974, p  0.05). It could be concluded that RAS is effective in measuring the retirement adjustment of teacher-retirees from both primary and secondary schools on the most important variables of sex while variation may exist in the matter of their educational attainment and institution of service prior to retirement.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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