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Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock

Received: 8 August 2015     Accepted: 10 August 2015     Published: 27 October 2015
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Abstract

Water is very important to life but when contaminated, it can be deleterious to life. Livestock from various farms produce large amount of faecal wastes. Most cattle farmers move their animals from place to place around Imo State, Nigeria, in search of pasture, these animals defeacate indiscriminately. Again, many farmers indulge in indiscriminate disposal of animal wastes. These faecal wastes can be carried by runoff water into surrounding water sources causing them to become contaminated. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of possible pathogenic bacteria in water contaminated with poultry litters, cow and pig dungs. Faecal samples from poultry, cows and pigs were collected from School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT) farm in the Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria. The contaminated water samples were examined for the prevalence of bacteria. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done using standard microbiological protocols. Results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate followed by Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera. The presence of these organisms of public health importance in water contaminated by livestock faeces calls for continuous surveillance of various water sources prone to faecal contamination. Appropriate treatment and disposal methods of these faecal samples as well as appropriate treatment of water source prone to such contaminants should be adopted so as to avert the possible health hazards resulting from use of water from such contaminated sources.

Published in Science Journal of Public Health (Volume 3, Issue 5-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Who Is Afraid of the Microbes

DOI 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16
Page(s) 29-33
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacteria, Contaminated Water, Cow Dung, Pig Dung, Poultry Litters

References
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[2] T. Ayres, “The importance of water in life,” Journal of water and life, 2008 vol. 6, 52-60.
[3] J. Alder and R.U. Sumailia, “Western Africa, A fish basket of Europe past and present,” Journal of environment and development 2004 vol. 12:156-178.
[4] T. W. Hejkal, B. Koswick, R. L. Labolle, C. P. Gorba, V. Sanchez, G. Droesman, B. Hafkin and J.L. Meinick, “Viruses in a community water supply associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis and infectious hepatitis,” Journal of the American water association, 1982, vol. 14, Pp. 317 – 321.
[5] D.H. Bergey and J.G. Holt, Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th ed. Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, 1994.
[6] R.L. Vogt and O.C. Dippold, “Escherichia coli 0157:H7 outbreak associated with consumption of contaminated water,” Medical microbiology, 2005, vol. 5:78-84.
[7] P.V. Liu and C.B. Mercer, “Growth toxigenicity and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,” The Journal of hygiene, 2003, vol. 61:485-491.
[8] K.J. Ryan and C.J. Ray, “An introduction to infectious diseases,” Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2004, vol. 4:62-69.
[9] C.O. Owuama and A. P. Uzoije, “Waste disposal and Ground Water quality in Owerri,” Nigeria Journal of Environmental systems, 2005, vol. 31(1) Pp. 69 – 79.
[10] M. Cheesbrough, District laboratory practice in tropical countries; Part 2, Cambridge University Press: UK, 2000.
[11] P. Singleton, “Bacteria in biology,” Journal of biotechnology and medicine, 2004, vol. 4:444:454.
[12] C.A. Hart, “Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia spp. In: principles and practice of clinical bacteriology (Gillespie S.H and Hawkey P.M. eds.), John Wiley and sons limited England, United Kingdom, 2006, Chp. 2:377-386.
[13] T.I. Doran, ‘The role of Citrobacter freundii in clinical disease of children,’’ Clinical infectious diseases, 1999, vol. 21:384-394.
[14] J.A. Cason, N.A. Cox and J.S. Bailey, “Transmission of Salmonella typhi in livestock environment,” Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 1994; 88:714-719.
[15] S.P. Antai, “Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and coliform in rural water supplies in Port Harcourt,” Journal of applied bacteriology, 1978, vol. 62:37-375.
[16] M.M. Huycke, M. Sahm and M.S. Gilmore, “Multiple drug resistant enterococci: The nature of the problem and an Agenda for the future,” Emerging infection diseases, 1998, vol. 4:239-249.
[17] S.L. Nakano, W.M. Michiko and P.S. Zuber, “Anaerobic growth of a strict aerobe (Bacillus subtilis),” Annual review of microbiology, 1998, vol. 52; 165-190.
[18] M.N. Paul, “Pathogenic basics,” Journal of livestock and poultry environment, 2004, vol. 5:70-74.
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    Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okereke J. N., Odah R., Obijekwu O., Okorondu S. I., et al. (2015). Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock. Science Journal of Public Health, 3(5-1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16

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    ACS Style

    Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.; Okereke J. N.; Odah R.; Obijekwu O.; Okorondu S. I., et al. Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock. Sci. J. Public Health 2015, 3(5-1), 29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16

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    AMA Style

    Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O., Okereke J. N., Odah R., Obijekwu O., Okorondu S. I., et al. Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock. Sci J Public Health. 2015;3(5-1):29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16,
      author = {Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O. and Okereke J. N. and Odah R. and Obijekwu O. and Okorondu S. I. and Obasi K. O.},
      title = {Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock},
      journal = {Science Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5-1},
      pages = {29-33},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjph.s.2015030501.16},
      abstract = {Water is very important to life but when contaminated, it can be deleterious to life. Livestock from various farms produce large amount of faecal wastes. Most cattle farmers move their animals from place to place around Imo State, Nigeria, in search of pasture, these animals defeacate indiscriminately. Again, many farmers indulge in indiscriminate disposal of animal wastes. These faecal wastes can be carried by runoff water into surrounding water sources causing them to become contaminated. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of possible pathogenic bacteria in water contaminated with poultry litters, cow and pig dungs. Faecal samples from poultry, cows and pigs were collected from School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT) farm in the Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria. The contaminated water samples were examined for the prevalence of bacteria. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done using standard microbiological protocols. Results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate followed by Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera. The presence of these organisms of public health importance in water contaminated by livestock faeces calls for continuous surveillance of various water sources prone to faecal contamination. Appropriate treatment and disposal methods of these faecal samples as well as appropriate treatment of water source prone to such contaminants should be adopted so as to avert the possible health hazards resulting from use of water from such contaminated sources.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Bacteriological Quality of Water Contaminated with Faecal Wastes from Livestock
    AU  - Anyadoh-Nwadike S. O.
    AU  - Okereke J. N.
    AU  - Odah R.
    AU  - Obijekwu O.
    AU  - Okorondu S. I.
    AU  - Obasi K. O.
    Y1  - 2015/10/27
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16
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    JF  - Science Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Science Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 29
    EP  - 33
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7950
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.s.2015030501.16
    AB  - Water is very important to life but when contaminated, it can be deleterious to life. Livestock from various farms produce large amount of faecal wastes. Most cattle farmers move their animals from place to place around Imo State, Nigeria, in search of pasture, these animals defeacate indiscriminately. Again, many farmers indulge in indiscriminate disposal of animal wastes. These faecal wastes can be carried by runoff water into surrounding water sources causing them to become contaminated. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of possible pathogenic bacteria in water contaminated with poultry litters, cow and pig dungs. Faecal samples from poultry, cows and pigs were collected from School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology (SAAT) farm in the Federal University of Technology Owerri (FUTO), Imo State, Nigeria. The contaminated water samples were examined for the prevalence of bacteria. Isolation and characterization of bacteria were done using standard microbiological protocols. Results revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most prevalent isolate followed by Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholera. The presence of these organisms of public health importance in water contaminated by livestock faeces calls for continuous surveillance of various water sources prone to faecal contamination. Appropriate treatment and disposal methods of these faecal samples as well as appropriate treatment of water source prone to such contaminants should be adopted so as to avert the possible health hazards resulting from use of water from such contaminated sources.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

  • Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Imo State, Nigeria

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